Maker independent
Spirit Torino Milan, Lombardy (business/design HQ); manufacturing in Volvera, Turin, Piedmont · est. 2018 Uses a patented Twin Pulse Isobaric System (Ricci assembled what the brand calls the world's first isobaric headphone motor unit as a 2017 prototype) and a passive-radiator ("first passive radiator headphone") approach, built into unusually massive, heavy "inertial" aluminium frames (the Radiante weighs ~460 g without cable). Founder Andrea Ricci came from field recording and worked as a sound engineer for the Italian TV National Symphony Orchestra and Turin's Opera House before modding commercial headphones from 2007. The flagship Valkyria is limited to 99 units worldwide.